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    Overview

    Naloxone Hydrochloride is an opioid antagonist. It is chemically described as 4,5α-Epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-(prop-2-enyl)morphinan-6-one hydrochloride dihydrate. Molecular formula of Naloxone Hydrochloride is C19H22ClNO4.2H2O and molecular weight is 399.9.

    Naloxone Hydrochloride dihydrate appears as a white to almost white, crystalline powder, and is freely soluble in Water, soluble in Ethanol (96%), practically insoluble in Toluene. Its melting range is 138-140°C.

    Clinical Applications

    Naloxone Hydrochloride is an opioid antagonist medication used to block or reverse the effects of opioid drugs, particularly within the setting of drug overdoses which are rapidly becoming a leading cause of death worldwide.

    Mode of Administration

    Naloxone Hydrochloride is currently available by intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SubQ) injection, nasal spray, or intravenous (IV) infusion.

    Pharmacological Effects

    Naloxone reverses the effects of opioid analgesics by binding to the opioid receptors in the CNS, and inhibiting the typical actions of opioid analgesics, including analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, miosis, bradycardia, and physical dependence. Naloxone binds to mu-opioid receptors with a high affinity, and a lesser degree to kappa- and gamma-opioid receptors in the CNS.

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